About the concepts

For most concepts, signers were shown several related photographs, for example, different pictures of kitchens, cats or tails. This approach was designed to focus attention on the intended concept, rather than on incidental details in any one photo. Presenting multiple images clarifies exactly which object or idea was being targeted, even when extraneous elements appeared in the background. For instance, to elicit the sign for KITCHEN, we showed various kitchens to prompt the room name rather than items like stove or refrigerator; for TAIL, we included tails from different animals to avoid confusion with the animal itself. Similarly, showing both individual and groups of cats helped signers focus on the concept CAT, not the number. In most cases, signers used only the images to guide their responses, though some also referred to the gloss or asked for clarification when needed.